Blue carbon refers to the carbon absorbed and stored by coastal and marine ecosystems, such as mangrove forests, seagrass meadows and tidal marshes. Unlike carbon stored in terrestrial forests, known as green carbon, blue carbon is primarily stored within underwater sediments. These conditions enable carbon to remain locked away for hundreds to thousands of years, making coastal ecosystems among the world’s most effective natural carbon sinks and valuable allies in climate change mitigation.

Mangroves: A Prime Example of a Blue Carbon Ecosystem

Among the various blue carbon ecosystems, mangrove forests are the most widely recognised. Mangroves thrive in coastal areas influenced by tidal movements and possess robust root systems that enable them to adapt to highly saline environments.

Through photosynthesis, mangroves absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere to support their growth. This carbon is stored not only in their trunks, leaves and roots, but also accumulates within the sediments beneath the mangrove stands. As leaves, branches and roots naturally die and fall, the organic material becomes buried in oxygen-poor sediments. Because decomposition occurs very slowly under these conditions, the carbon remains locked away for hundreds, or even thousands, of years, provided the mangrove ecosystem remains undisturbed.

In addition to mangroves, seagrass meadows and tidal marshes also play a vital role in storing blue carbon. Together, these three ecosystems naturally absorb carbon while maintaining the ecological balance of coastal environments.

Thanks to this natural process, coastal ecosystems can capture and store carbon at rates of up to ten times faster per hectare than tropical terrestrial forests.

The benefits of blue carbon extend far beyond reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Mangrove forests serve as natural coastal defences, protecting shorelines from erosion, dissipating wave energy, reducing the impacts of storms and strengthening resilience against sea level rise. Meanwhile, seagrass meadows act as natural filters by trapping sediments and pollutants, helping to maintain water quality and support the health of surrounding marine ecosystems.

Coastal ecosystems also provide vital habitats and nursery grounds for a wide range of marine life, including fish, crabs, shellfish, sea turtles, seabirds and many other species. Their presence supports sustainable fisheries, conserves biodiversity and creates opportunities for ecotourism that generate long-term economic benefits for coastal communities.

As part of its commitment to sustainable environmental stewardship, Agincourt Resources has been undertaking mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation in the coastal area of Pandan Bay, Central Tapanuli Regency, since 2024.

The programme has restored 29 hectares of coastal habitat through the planting of more than 90,000 mangrove seedlings. In addition, the company has released tens of thousands of young shellfish and crabs as part of wider efforts to restore the ecological functions of the coastal ecosystem.

Based on current estimates, the rehabilitated area has the potential to store approximately 2,044 tonnes of carbon (C), equivalent to around 7,503 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂). This initiative not only contributes to greenhouse gas emission reduction targets but also strengthens coastal ecosystem protection, conserves biodiversity and delivers lasting environmental and socio-economic benefits for local communities.

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The templok method is a revegetation technique that involves combining a planting medium (Proganics), water, adhesive agent (Teraglue), and Legume Cover Crop (LCC) seeds, before attaching or throwing the mixture onto areas designated for revegetation. The application of this method is expected to improve slope stability, reduce erosion risks, and accelerate the restoration of green cover in areas affected by operational activities.

Prior to the planting activity, participants received an introduction to the project area from Project Execution Manager, Bob Pardede. During his presentation, Bob explained the condition of the revegetation site, the objectives of the activity, and the long-term benefits anticipated from the greening initiative.

In his report, Senior Manager Environment, Health & Safety, Hari Ananto, explained that Agincourt Resources’ 2026 World Environment Day commemoration is being carried out through a series of activities under the theme “Time to Act for the Climate.” The programme commenced with today’s tree planting and slope revegetation activity, symbolising the Company’s commitment to ecosystem restoration and responsible environmental management.

The Senior Manager Environment, Health & Safety also noted that the Martabe Green to School programme was conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Batang Toru on 3 June 2026 and will continue at SMA Negeri 1 Batang Toru on 18 June 2026 as part of efforts to strengthen environmental education and awareness from an early age. In addition, a range of activities has been organised to mark this year’s World Environment Day, including a wildlife photography competition, an environmental quiz, and a campaign reels video competition, encouraging employees and students alike to participate actively and creatively in environmental conservation initiatives.

“Through these various initiatives, we hope to foster a spirit of collaboration and shared responsibility in protecting the environment, as the actions we take today will form the foundation for a better future,” he said. Meanwhile, the opening remarks were delivered by Agincourt Resources General Manager Operations, Wira Dharma Putra. In his address, he emphasised that the 2026 World Environment Day theme, “Time to Act for the Climate,” serves as a reminder of the importance of taking concrete action in addressing the challenges of climate change. He stated that the tree planting and slope revegetation activities demonstrate Agincourt Resources’ commitment to environmental stewardship, ecosystem restoration, and the advancement of responsible and sustainable mining practices. He also encouraged all stakeholders to continue working together, as protecting the environment is a shared responsibility for both present and future generations.

The activity was attended by members of management, employees, and business partners, who participated collectively in the greening and rehabilitation of the slope area. Through tree planting and revegetation using the templok method, Agincourt Resources seeks to strengthen the ecological functions of the area while supporting responsible and sustainable mining practices.

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Mycorrhiza attaches itself to plant roots and enhances the plant’s ability to absorb water and essential nutrients from the soil. In return, the plant supplies carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis as a source of energy for the fungus. This relationship creates a system of mutual dependence and reinforcement.

The role of mycorrhiza extends beyond a single plant. Through a network of fine thread-like structures known as hyphae, it expands the reach of roots into soil spaces that would otherwise be inaccessible. This network also enables the exchange of nutrients and chemical signals between plants, forming a natural communication system beneath the ground.

Read Also: The Use of Mycorrhiza Improves Reclamation Quality in the Martabe Gold Mine Area 

In general, mycorrhiza can be classified into two main types. The first is ectomycorrhiza, which forms a sheath around the surface of plant roots. The second is arbuscular mycorrhiza, also known as endomycorrhiza, which penetrates root tissues and is commonly found in tropical regions, particularly in degraded land.

In the context of mining, post-mining land typically experiences a decline in quality, including low nutrient content, poor soil structure, and limited water retention capacity. These conditions present significant challenges for land rehabilitation and revegetation.

This is where mycorrhiza plays a vital role as a nature-based solution. Its capabilities help to:

• Improve the uptake of essential nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen,
• Enhance plant resilience to drought and extreme environmental conditions,
• Improve soil structure, enabling better retention of water and air, and
• Increase the success rate of plant establishment in rehabilitated areas.

The application of mycorrhiza is commonly carried out through inoculation, which involves introducing mycorrhiza to plant seedlings at the nursery stage. In this way, plants develop a beneficial partnership early in their growth, making them better prepared to adapt once planted in the field. Additionally, mycorrhiza can be applied as a biofertiliser mixed directly into the soil.

Findings from various studies, including those conducted in the Martabe Gold Mine area, indicate that mycorrhiza not only thrives in natural forests but can also establish itself in nutrient-poor reclaimed land. Its presence has been shown to accelerate plant growth and support the restoration of biodiversity. Mycorrhiza may not be visible to the eye, yet its role is profoundly real. It is a silent force that sustains life, a quiet ally that strengthens roots, and an essential part of maintaining ecological balance particularly in restoring life to once-degraded land.

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