TONA NADENGGAN

Around 17% of the total metals' mines were from underground mining excavation. This mining technique is more complex and more expensive than surface mining. But it has to be done when the minerals and ores are located too far underground to be mined efficiently using...

Mining is the process of obtaining geological materials and valuable materials from the Earth. These materials cannot be grown through agricultural processes nor artificially created inside a factory or laboratory, which makes them obtainable through mining only....

Safety is a significant concern in the mining industry. With the increasing business activities in mining, injuries related to mining have also risen. Mining accidents can be caused by various factors such as fires, floods, explosions, poorly designed mining...

For decades, Indonesia has been exporting raw minerals. This is no longer desirable; there must be processing and refining processes. In fact, on January 12, 2014, the Indonesian government imposed a ban on the export of raw minerals. From an economic perspective, the...

Indonesia possesses a significant and diverse potential for New Renewable Energy (EBT), including geothermal, wind, solar, and tidal energy. The EBT potential in Indonesia reaches an impressive 3,687 Gigawatts (GW), with specific potentials such as hydro (95 GW),...

Open pit mining is an extraction process used to extract metallic and non-metallic minerals from the surface, forming openings that conform to the economic deposits of these minerals. This method of mining directly interfaces with the external atmosphere. Many gold...